Is testicular microlithiasis associated with testicular pathologies in children?

Abstract Purpose: To analyze the association of testicular pathologies with TM.Method: The retrospective study included pediatric patients who underwent scrotal ultrasonography (US) due to complaints including testicular pain, discomfort, swelling, scrotal redness in our clinic between June 2020 and January 2022. The patients were divided into two groups. Group 1; patients were diagnosed with testicular pathology or presented with testicular pain. Group 2; patients without testicular pathology or complaints. Patients were also classified as having undescended testis, epididymo-orchitis, varicocele and testicular pain without testicular pathology in group 1. Group 1 and subgroups of group 1 were compared with group 2 for the presence of TM.Results: A total of 516 patients were included in the study. Median age at the time of US examination was 24 months (range, 1 month - 17 years). There was no significant difference between groups 1 and 2, and boys with undescended testis and group 2 with regard to the presence of TM (p=0.85, p=0.55, respectively). TM was significantly higher in patients who had undergone orchiopexy and presented with testicular pain compared to group 2 (p=0.000, p=0.03, respectively). TM was not detected in patients with epididymo-orchitis, varicocele.Conclusion: We found no association between TM and testicular pathologies. Orchiopexy is likely to increase the prevalence of TM. Testicular pain may be a symptom of microlithiasis.