Concrete with Recycled Fine Aggregate (RFA) and Manufactured Sand (MS): Compressive Strength and Cost

Abstract Ethiopia's construction industry is developing at an unprecedented rate. Concrete production necessitates a large number of natural resources in this developing industry. River sand is commonly utilized as a fine aggregate in concrete compositions. However, due to a wide range of variability, cost, and quality issues, sand availability in the burgeoning Ethiopian construction industry would be a concern. Keeping this in mind, numerous structures are being demolished and replaced by new ones as part of the present modernization and expansion of cities. There are two issues with the generated concrete wastes as a result of that demolition process: on the one hand, environmental degradation caused by the materials extraction activity, and on the other hand, damped demolished wastes. As a result, the physical properties of fine aggregates are studied in this study, as well as the strength and cost of concrete produced by partially substituting sand with Reused Fine Aggregate (RFA) and Manufactured Sand (MS). Compressive strength tests were performed, and the findings showed that concrete containing RFA and MS as sand substitute has a higher compressive strength than standard concrete. Concrete that replaces all of the sand with RFA and FMS is a cost-effective mix that can save up to 2.41 percent of the overall cost of the concrete.