Prediction of the anti-inflammatory effects of bioactive components of a Hippocampus species-based TCM formulation on chronic kidney disease using network pharmacology

Purpose: To systematically study and predict the therapeutic targets and signaling pathways of Hippocampus (HPC) against chronic kidney disease (CKD) using network pharmacology.Methods: By combining database mining, literature searching, screening of disease targets, and network construction, the effects of various components of HPC on several proteins related to CKD were predicted and the active compounds were screened. Genes related to the selected compounds were linked using the SEA database. The correlation between CKD and genes was determined using OMIM, DisGenNet, and GeneCards databases. Pathway-enrichment analyses of overlapping genes were undertaken using online databases.Results: A total of 144 compounds in HPC were identified. Analyses of clusters suggest that the active components of HPC and the target genes against the inflammation caused by CKD were due to 10 compounds and 25 genes. Metascape results showed that these HPC targets are related to CKD inflammation.Conclusion: The active components of HPC and the target genes against CKD inflammation are involved in multiple signaling pathways, such as AGE-RAGE, TLR, TNF, and NF-κB. This work provides scientific evidence to support the clinical use of HPC against CKD.