Dysmenorrhea and its associated symptoms among girls with special needs in Upper Egypt: an exploratory study

BACKGROUND: Dysmenorrhea is a highly prevalent gynecological problem that may compromise the girls' quality of life. Disabled girls might experience menstruation both differently and more negatively compared to non-disabled girls. The current study aimed to investigate the prevalence of dysmenorrhea and its associated symptoms amongst disabled girls. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 93 adolescent girls with disabilities. An interviewer questionnaire was used to inquire about personal characteristics, menstrual history, knowledge and attitudes of dysmenorrhea, symptoms that coincide with menstruation, and methods used by girls to manage their menstrual pain. WaLIDD scale was used to assess pain intensity during menstruation. RESULTS: About 97% of the studied disabled girls suffered from moderate or severe degrees of menstrual pain. Using methods to mitigate the pain was reported by 72%. Herbal drinks and analgesics were the most frequently used methods. School absenteeism because of dysmenorrhea was reported by 36%. Most of the girls (87.1%) had a poor knowledge level. The most frequent disabling/severe symptoms that coincide with dysmenorrhea were general aches, dizziness, and fatigue. Increased perception of symptoms coinciding with menstruation was a significant predictor for severe dysmenorrhea (AOR = 3.279, 95%CI = 1.028:1.088). CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS: Most disabled girls suffer from moderate to severe dysmenorrhea. Increased symptoms associated with menstruation positively affect severe dysmenorrhea perception. Girls with disabilities need better access to menstrual health education. Tailored reproductive health programs should be provided for blind and deaf girls for assurance and proper practice to manage symptoms associated with menstruation, especially pain, to mitigate their disabling impact.