Le risque infectieux post-transfusionnel: une étude comparative sur la séroprévalence du VIH, des hépatites B et C et de la Syphilis: à propos de 202 patients testés à l’Hôpital National de Niamey (HNN)

RESUME BUT. evaluer le risque post-transfusionnel de transmission du VIH, de l’hepatite virale B (HBV), de l’hepatite virale C (HCV) et de la syphilis a l’Hopital National de Niamey. METHODOLOGIE. Il s’agit d’une etude prospective comparative sur dix mois (Janvier 2014 a Octobre 2014). Les patients etaient recrutes dans les services d’Onco-Hematologie et des Pediatries A et B et repartis en 2 groupes: ceux transfuses et ceux jamais transfuses. Ils ont tous beneficie des serologies du VIH, de l’hepatite B, de l’hepatite C et de la syphilis. RESULTATS. Un total de 2002 malades etaient recrutes et repartis comme suit: 104 malades transfuses (soit 51,5%) et 98 malades jamais transfuses (soit 48,5%). Le sex-ratio hommes/femmes etait de 1,2. Les enfants de 1 a 15 ans etaient plus nombreux 141 soit 70%. Les seropositivites pour le VIH, l’HBV, l’HCV et la Syphilis sont respectivement a 2,4%, 6,93%, 0,5% et 1%. Les resultats comparatifs des serologies entre les patients transfuses et ceux non transfuses etaient: VIH 2,9% vs 2% (p = 0,5281); HBV 3,8% vs 5,1% (p = 0,0658); HCV 0,96% vs 0% (p = 0,5148); Syphilis 0,96% vs 1,02% (p = 0,7361). Les differences n’etaient pas statistiquement significatives (p > 0,05). CONCLUSION. Nous n’avons pas trouve de correlation entre la transfusion et la transmission du VIH, de l’hepatite B, de l’hepatite C ou de la syphilis dans notre contexte; ce qui porrait attester de la bonne qualite du controle pre transfusionnel des produits sanguins a l’Hopital National de Niamey.ABSTRACTAIM: The study aimed to assess post-transfusion risk of transmission of HIV, hepatitis B, hepatitis C and syphilis at the Hopital National of Niamey. PATIENTS AND METHODS. This was a prospective and comparative study during 10 months (January 2014 to October 2014). The patients were recruited in Onco-Hematology, pediatrics A and B departments. They were divided in 2 groups: transfused patients and non transfused patients. All of them were tested for HIV, hepatitis B, hepatitis C and Syphilis. The seroprevalence of these infections were compared in the two groups by the exact statistic test of Fisher. RESULTS. 202 patients were recruited: transfused n =104 (51.5%) and non transfused n = 98 (48.5%). The sex ratio male/female was 1.2. There were more children (1 to 15 years age) with 141 cases (70%). The seroprevalence was; HIV: 2.4%; HBV:6.93%; HCV: 0.5% and syphilis: 1%. The results of the comparative seroprevalence between the two groups were: HIV 2.9% Vs 2% (p =53; HBV 3.8% Vs 5.1% (p = .06); HCV 96% Vs 0% (p = .51) and Syphilis 96% Vs 1.02% (p = .74). No statistically significant difference was found between the two groups. CONCLUSION. There was no correlation between transfusion and transmission of HIV, hepatitis B, hepatitis C and syphilis in our study. This may attest of the good quality of the pre transfusion blood measures in The Hospital National of Niamey.