Factors influencing the decision of Nigerian optometry students to work in rural areas upon graduation: a cross-sectional survey

BACKGROUND: Access to eye care in rural Nigeria remains limited, as most optometrists work in urban areas. This study explores the factors influencing Nigerian optometry students' decision to work in rural settings after graduation. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 400 optometry students from ten accredited Nigerian universities. The students were surveyed on their preferences regarding rural practice and the factors affecting their decisions. RESULTS: The majority of respondents (81.3%) were not inclined to establish their first optometric practice in rural areas, with poor living conditions (26.34%) being the most common deterrent. However, a significant proportion (52.8%) expressed willingness to consider establishing subsequent practices in rural areas. Motivation to help the community (56.6%) and the potential to enhance their optometric practice (74.6%) were key drivers for rural practice. Chi-square test revealed that participants' year of study had a significant influence on their preference to practice in rural areas (p < 0.05). However, there was no significant connection between participants' gender and place of origin, and their preference for rural practice (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: While many students, particularly from urban backgrounds, are reluctant to initiate practice in rural areas after graduation, primarily due to concerns over living conditions. In contrast, students from rural backgrounds show a higher likelihood of considering rural practice, especially within NGOs or the public sector. Hence, such factors should be considered by academic institutions and government bodies when designing policies to address workforce imbalances.