THE PIONEER OF REFORM IN AÏN BEÏDA: THE EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT AND ACTIVITIES OF SHEIKH MUHAMMAD AL-SA'ID AL-ZEMMOUSHI (1904–1960)

This research paper sheds light on the city of Aïn Beïda in eastern Algeria by examining its geographical, social, and political dimensions, as well as its educational movement and intellectual activity. It also focuses on one of the most prominent figures of the region's reformist and educational movement, Sheikh Muhammad al-Sa'id al-Zemmoushi, highlighting his efforts to establish the foundations of independent education and promote national consciousness. Through his reformist and educational endeavors, he embodied a vivid model of the integration between the mission of a reformer and the intellectual needs and socio-cultural characteristics of his region.