E-shape Metamaterials Embedded Implantable Antenna for ISM-band Biomedical Applications

Abstract This paper presents a compact antenna based on two different metamaterial resonators, the E-shape resonators and the interdigital resonators suitable for biomedical implant applications. The proposed antennas operate in the industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) bands in the frequency band of 2.4–2.5 GHz. The integration of metamaterial (MTM) in the design leading to the reduce size of these antennas and gaining enhancement. The overall size of the proposed antennas is\(8\times 7\times 1.27{\mathbf{m}\mathbf{m}}^{3}\). The implantable antennas contain two layers of the substrate; the lower layer comprises the MTM resonators and the upper, superstrate layer. To order to observe the exposure of electromagnetic energy to human tissues, the specific absorption rates (SARs) of the proposed antennas are also calculated in the layer model. The antennas are designed and simulated by the two software simulators CST and HFSS.