Optimized Tilt Fractional Order Cooperative Controllers for Preserving Frequency Stability in Renewable Energy-Based Power Systems

The low system inertia and the high sensitivity to load and generation fluctuations represent the main challenges for future ambitious plans of modern power systems accompanied by high penetrations levels of the renewable energy sources (RESs). Therefore, this article presents a new approach for solving the load frequency control (LFC) in addition to the virtual inertia control (VIC) in interconnected RESs penetrated power systems using cooperative tilt-based controllers and a hybrid modified particle swarm optimization with genetic algorithm (MPSOGA). The VIC system is adopted using superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) to provide sufficient inertial energy for system stability. Two tilt-based controllers are employed in each area using the tilt-integral-derivative (TID) controller for the SMES and TID with filter (TIDF) for the LFC function. The cooperative optimum design of the TID/TIDF controllers leads to the enhancement of frequency stability in studied two-area power systems. The formulated optimization process aims to minimize the frequency nadir settling time during abrupt changes of RESs and/or load changes, considering the cooperative control of LFC and VIC. The proposed approach has been applied to a case study consisting of two-area power systems, connected via hybrid high voltage DC/AC (hybrid HVAC/HVDC) tie-line, integrated with distributed conventional generations, photovoltaic (PV), and wind generation systems. Performance analysis has been conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method is compared to the genetic algorithm (GA) and particle-swarm optimization (PSO) using high fluctuations of renewable generations under extreme changes in loading conditions and physical parameters variation. The obtained results show the superiority of MPSOGA approach on the other competitive optimization techniques.