A harmonized dataset for dams and reservoirs in West Africa

Most existing datasets that could support dam and reservoir management and assessments of their impacts in West Africa are limited by inaccurate georeferencing, inconsistent accessibility, heterogeneous data records, and a lack of validation against field observations. In this study, we review and assess existing datasets containing information on dams and reservoirs in West Africa and subsequently integrate them into a harmonized and consolidated regional dataset. We benchmarked the quality of the newly compiled dataset at watershed scale through an extended field study, and statistical analyses. The resulting dataset (https://doi.org/10.60507/FK2/YLDK1Y, Kouassi et al., 2026) includes 1429 georeferenced dams and 1258 reservoirs (with a minimum surface of 0.57×10-3 km 2 ) exceeding the count of dams and reservoirs in West Africa reported by any available dataset. It contains 38 attributes and an estimated total reservoir surface area of 14 038 km 2 and a cumulative storage capacity of 2.83032×10 11 m 3 , thereby enhancing data accessibility in West Africa. The regional compiled dataset contains fewer missing entries and exhibits lower bias compared to the originate datasets, advancing the existing efforts by explicitly integrating both large (≥10 km 2 ) and small (<10 km 2 ) scale reservoirs. The ground-based watershed scale assessment revealed strong spatial and temporal coherence for large scale reservoirs, but a systematic underrepresentation of small scale infrastructure in both the sources and thus also in the compiled dataset highlighting the importance of field validation. The field benchmarking advocates for collaborative research and data sharing initiatives among scientists and institutions across West Africa to improve the accuracy and completeness of dam and reservoir data, especially for small scale infrastructure.