Perceptions and attitudes of black men in a rural district of South Africa towards depression and its treatment

Abstract Background: Depression is a major contributor to the overall global burden of disease impacting social life, family life, and occupational functioning if left untreated. Despite its high prevalence and morbidity, the evidence suggests men are hesitant to seek help with a large percentage remaining undiagnosed. This study aimed to determine the attitudes and perceptions related to depression and its treatment among black men in a rural district of South Africa. Methods: The design used was exploratory descriptive qualitative design. Participants were selected by purposive sampling technique. Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted which were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. The data were subsequently analysed thematically to develop themes and subthemes.Results: Participants described depression as a psychological problem associated with lack of sleep, loneliness, feeling unwanted, increased stress, deep sadness, weight loss, forgetfulness, crying over small things, and lack of concentration. Collectively, the interviews with participants exposed a limited understanding of the causes of depression. A large proportion (n=13) of participants reported not having knowledge of available services in their area for people who seek treatment for depression. Barriers to help-seeking behaviours were fear of social stigma, fear of expressing their feelings, gender norms and stereotypes, and lack of trust in others.Conclusions: Interventions such as support groups and mental health awareness programs to counteract personal perceptions may help to improve and expand the effectiveness of depression treatment. The results highlight the future need to raise awareness of depression symptoms and expand outreach health programs.