Enhance watershed algorithms using principal component analysis capabilities

Traditional image segmentation algorithms have many drawbacks, such as over-segmentation and image distortion due to reflected light. The Watershed algorithm is one of the most popular image segmentation algorithms. Over-segmentation errors caused by overlapping targets in the image, as well as noise and glare, must be removed. In this article, we apply image processing using the watershed algorithm and propose to improve the algorithm based on principal component analysis. PCA is a popular technique for analyzing large datasets with many advantages per observation. PCA improves data interpretability while maximizing information content, enabling visualization of multidimensional data by finding image component gradients in a new space called the principle component that is unaffected by noise and reflected light. In contrast, the components mainly containing noise will eliminate with negligible information. This paper introduces three primary steps. The process involves applying the watershed algorithm to the image in the first phase, using the proposed approach (applying the watershed algorithm and suggesting an improvement based on principal component analysis) to the image in the second step, and comparing the outcomes of the two previous processes. Test results show that the suggested technique can achieve accurate and durable target shapes.