Under-five children’s Bacterial Blood Stream Infection in Southern Ethiopia

Abstract Background Under-five children’sblood stream infectionsmainly due to resistant pathogens found to be a higher risk of hospital mortality in low and middle income countries. This study intended to assess the bacterial profile and drug resistance of isolates of blood stream infection among under- 5 children in Southern Ethiopia. Methods Retrospectively lab recordeddata’s were retrieved to assess the bacterial isolates and rates antibiotic resistance at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital. Results Of 323bloods culture performed116 (35.9%) were positive for potential bacterial BSI. Positivity of blood culture decrease with age, hence neonatesblood stream infectionstream infection werehigher than other age groups (OR, 3; 95% CI 1.5–5.1; p = 0.001). The major gram positive isolateCoNSand S.aureushave shown highest level of resistance to penicillin 61.3.0% and tetracycline 78.8% whereas less level of resistance was reported to Meropenem 6.4%, Ceftriaxone 13% and doxycycline 13%. Although most of gram negatives isolates were resistant for tested antibiotics, K.pneumoniae has shown leaser resistance tocefotaxime and chloramphenicol. Conclusion A high level of blood stream infection accompanied by high drug resistant isolates was reported. The great burden in neonate than other children was reported. As a result to reduce the burden the hospital administrators need tofacilities effective infection prevention and control programmes, effective hygiene practices and well-functioning environment along with educating patient about proper hygiene practices.