Cancer trials in sub-Saharan Africa: Aligning research and care

points• There is an extreme scarcity of evidence to guide cancer treatment in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), as well as major differences between SSA and resource-rich settings regarding cancer treatment infrastructure.• A possible framework for conceptualizing cancer clinical trials in SSA is proposed, and key issues related to equipoise, innovation, and efficiency are addressed within the SSA context.• Strongly aligned cancer care and research agendas can generate forward progress for cancer treatment in the region and globally impactful clinical science that can change treatment paradigms even in resource-rich settings.