A scoping review of the national strategy for brucellosis control in Egypt: logic framework, challenges, and prospects

BACKGROUND: Brucellosis remains a significant public health and economic challenge in Egypt despite long-standing control efforts. This paper outlines the national strategy for brucellosis control, detailing its legal framework, diagnostic protocols, surveillance mechanisms, vaccination programs, and biosecurity measures. MAIN BODY: Egypt employs a dual approach of test-and-slaughter and selective vaccination, supported by serological and pathological diagnostics. Surveillance combines passive reporting, risk-based monitoring, and active outbreak investigation. While progress has been achieved, particularly in establishing brucellosis-free dairy compartments, eradication remains elusive due to inconsistent compliance, limited animal registration, inadequate compensation, and cultural barriers. Challenges also include insufficient epidemiological data, especially in small ruminants, and weak coordination between veterinary and public health sectors. Global comparisons highlight the importance of ecosystem-based and One Health approaches. CONCLUSION: This review identifies critical gaps in surveillance, control coverage, and stakeholder engagement. It calls for integrated policy reforms, investment in diagnostic and monitoring infrastructure, enhanced public awareness, and regional cooperation to accelerate Egypt's path toward brucellosis elimination.