Synthesis, antimicrobial activities and GAPDH docking of novel 1, 2, 3-triazole derivatives

Purpose: To synthesize new triazole derivatives in order to overcome the problem of side effects of antimicrobial agents and microbial resistance, while broadening the spectrum of antimicrobial activity. Methods: The starting triazole, compound 1, was prepared through click chemistry and reacted with chloroacetyl chloride to yield compound II. Triazole 1 was reacted with acids and aldehydes to produce oxadiazole (III) and azomethine (IV) which cyclized in acetic anhydride to give a new acetylated oxadiazole (V). Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and resorufin assays were used for antibacterial and anti-parasitic screening, respectively. Compounds II and IVb were subjected to molecular docking studies using glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) Molecular Operating Environment (MOE) program. Results: Novel oxazole-triazole derivative (III) showed high activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and moderate activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis, whereas compound IVc showed moderate activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis. Chloro-acetyl-triazole II and 2-hydroxyphenyl-triazole Schiff base (Ivb) showed pronounced activity against the kinetoplastid parasites, Leishmania major, Leishmania mexicana and Trypanosoma brucei. Conclusion: The new synthesized triazoles represent a new antimicrobial scaffold and identifies potential new lead compounds for follow-up and for further mechanistic studies.