Do varietal preferences reflect livelihood orientations? Evidence from sorghum farmers in Kenya

Existing studies in sub-Saharan Africa on farmers' varietal preferences have paid limited attention to how these preferences relate to different livelihood orientations. This study investigates whether variations in farmers' preferences for sorghum traits are linked to differences in their livelihood orientations. Using data from a discrete choice experiment involving 362 farmers in Homa Bay County, preferences for six attributes: end use (household and industrial), yield potential, maturity, grain price, seed price, and bird tolerance were analyzed through a latent class model. The findings identify two distinct preference classes: Class 1 values higher yields, early maturity, higher grain prices, and multi-end use, whereas Class 2 strongly prefers improved bird tolerance. Farm size and cultivation of both local and improved varieties were significantly associated with class membership, while farmer-group membership was marginally significant. Post-hoc profiling further showed significant differences between the classes in farm size, household size, sorghum yield, quantity sold, and variety type. The preferences and class profiles may point to a productivity orientation in Class 1 and greater sensitivity to production risk in Class 2. These findings highlight the importance of targeted, inclusive breeding programs that address smallholder farmers' varied needs and challenges.