Protective effects of phytomediated synthesized magnesium hydroxide nanomaterials using Monodora myristica against diabetes-associated hepatopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy in streptozotocin-exposed rat

Abstract There is recently a fast growing interest in green nanotechnology as a better approach for managing diabetes mellitus (DM) and its associated complications. This study therefore aimed at exploring the protective potentials of biogenic phytomediated magnesium-based nanoparticles using Monodora myristica seed (Mg(OH)2NP-Mm) against streptozotocin-induced diabetic hepatopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy in Wistar rats. Mg(OH)2NP-Mm was biosynthesized and characterized using standard techniques. Forty-eight (48) adult male Wistar rats weighing 150-200 g, were indiscriminately grouped into eight (8) groups of six (6) rats (n=6) each. Diabetes was induced with a low dose of streptozotocin (STZ) (55 mg/kg bw) and diabetic animals administered 50, 100, 150 and 200 mg/kg bw Mg(OH)2NP-Mm for 21 days, while control groups received glibenclamide (5 mg/kg bw) and Mg(OH)2-STD (150 mg/kg bw), respectively. In this study, treatment with Mg(OH)2NP-Mm caused a significant (p < 0.05) improvement in fasting blood sugar (FBG), serum hepatic biomarkers (AST, ALT and ALP activities), renal clearance markers (creatinine and urea), total protein (TP) and bilirubin. Enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, as well as histomorphological examinations indicated a significant (p < 0.05) restoration of the hepatic, renal and brain tissues. This finding therefore, hypothesizes attenuation of redox imbalance which probably could be the basis for the protective effect demonstrated by Mg(OH)2NP-Mm in the tissues examined from STZ-induced diabetic rats.