Individual and Community-Level Factors of Perinatal Mortality in The High Mortality Regions of Ethiopia: A Multilevel Mixed-Effect Analysis

Abstract Background Even though perinatal mortality has declined globally; it is still the major public health concern in sub-Saharan Africa countries. Ethiopia is one of the sub-Saharan countries which contribute the highest-burden of perinatal mortality with devastating in some of the regions. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the determinant factors of perinatal mortality in the high mortality regions of Ethiopia. Method: A secondary data analysis was done by using the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey data. A total of 4120 mothers who had been delivered at ≥ 7 months of gestational age were included. A multilevel mixed logistic regression model was fitted to identify the predictors of perinatal mortality. Finally, a statistically significant association was declared at a p-value of ≤ 0.05. Result The study found that birth interval < 2 years (AOR = 3.71, 95%CI:2.27, 6.07),having no antenatal care (AOR = 2.43,95%CI:1.15,5.38), Initiating breast feeding after 1hour(AOR = 4.01 ,95%CI:2.49,6.51), being distant from health institutions (AOR = 1.99, 95%CI: 1.24, 3.22), having previous terminated pregnancy (AOR = 4.68, 95%CI:2.76,7.86), being mothers not autonomous(AOR = 1.96, 95%CI:1.19,3.20),being no media exposure (AOR = 2.78, 95%CI:1.48,5.59),being households ≤ 4 family sizes (AOR = 4.12, 95%CI:2.19,7.79), having ≥ 6 parity (AOR = 2.48, 95%CI:1.21, 5.22) were associated with a high odds of perinatal mortality. Conclusion The study concludes that birth interval, antenatal care, time for breastfeeding initiation, distance from health institutions, previous history of a terminated pregnancy, maternal autonomy, media exposure, family size, and parity were predictors of prenatal mortality. Therefore, programmatic emphases to maternal waiting service utilization for mothers distant from health institutions and increasing media access could reduce perinatal mortality in high mortality regions of Ethiopia.