Review of Detecting Virulence Associated Genes Isolated from Pasturella multocida Strains of Fowl Cholera

Avian Pasteurella multocida is the causative agent of fowl cholera, a highly transmissible illness that affects both domestic and wild bird species and causes enormous economic losses around the globe. Numerous genes encoding potential virulence factors that aid in Pasteurella multocida pathogenesis are found across the genomes of the bacteria. Pasteurella multocida contains a variety of virulence factors (VF), such as iron acquisition proteins, neuraminidases and superoxide dismutases, hyaluronidase, toxins (ToxA), lipopolysaccharides (LPS), capsular and outer membrane proteins, and proteins involved in adhesion and colonization. Pasteurella multocida can enter a host by way of the conjunctiva, cutaneous wounds, and mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract. Stressors can alter how a disease progresses, including dietary changes, environmental changes, and injuries. To prevent and control both acute and chronic poultry cholera, practical measures include vaccination, disinfection, and management practices. Key words: Fowl cholera, Virulence factors, Capsules, LPS DOI: 10.7176/ALST/102-03 Publication date: February 28th 2026