Experiences of midwives on pharmacological and non-pharmacological labour pain management in Ghana

BACKGROUND: Due to the debilitating effects of severe labour pains, labour pain management continues to be an important subject that requires much attention. Thus, this study sought to gain a detailed insight into the experiences of midwives on pharmacological and non-pharmacological labour pain management strategies in a resource limited clinical context. METHODS: A descriptive exploratory qualitative design was adopted for this study which allowed in-depth follow-up of the midwives' comments resulting in a full understanding of emerging findings. Face-to-face individual interviews were conducted, transcribed and data were analysed using content analysis procedures. Verbatim quotes were used to support the findings. RESULTS: Midwives employed different pain control measures including pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods such as psychological care, sacral massage and deep breathing exercises. Doctors prescribed analgesics most of the time while in some cases, the midwives independently administered the drugs. They assisted women who had epidural anaesthesia given by anaesthetists. The midwives did not administer adequate analgesics because of fear of side effects of analgesics. Although the midwives exhibited knowledge on drugs used for labour pain management, they did not regularly administer analgesics and non-pharmacological care provided were inadequate due to increased workload. Some of the midwives showed empathy towards women and supported the women. Most of the midwives perceived labour pain as normal and encouraged women to bear pain. CONCLUSION: Midwives require regular education on labour pain management and they should pay attention to women in labour individually and administer the care that meets their need.