Genetic Polymorphisms of Glutathione S-Transferase and Risk of Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Case-Control Study and Meta-Analysis

Background: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a complex disease that is linked to genetic and environmental factors. The gluthatione S-transferase (GST) is a family of enzymes that play a crucial role in the detoxification of carcinogens. These compounds could cause DNA damage, which might lead to the development of cancer. Interindividual inherited differences caused by the presence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in detoxification enzyme, could play a major role in cancer predisposition. The present study aimed to investigate the association between GST gene polymorphisms and AML risk. Methods: The GSTP1 genotype was determined by the PCR-RFLP and multiplex PCR for GSTT1 and GSTM1. Meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the association between GST gene and the risk of AML. Results: We found that GSTT1 null genotype was significantly associated with the risk of AML. However, GSTM1 and GSTP1 polymorphisms did not influence the AML risk. Subjects carrying the GSTM1 Present, GSTT1 null and GSTP1 Ile / Val et Val /Val genotypes had a higher risk of developing AML. The results of meta-analysis showed a positive association between GSTM1 null, GSTT1 null and Ile105Val GSTP1 polymorphisms and AML risk in East Asians, Caucasians, and mixed populations, respectively. Conclusion: GST gene polymorphisms may be risk factors for acute myeloid leukemia.