Correction: PEGylated liposomal metformin overcomes pharmacokinetic barriers to trigger potent mitochondrial disruption and cell cycle arrest in hepatocellular carcinoma

The original Figure 16 and accompanying legend appear below. Fig. 16 Metformin-induced conformational and dynamic perturbations in Complex I. ( A ) H-bond analysis shows stable binding to NDUFV1 (avg. 6 ± 2), with sporadic ND1 contacts. ( B ) RMSF of NDUFV1 highlights localized flexibility near FMN-binding loops (residues 45–60, 160–180). ( C ) ND1 exhibits high mobility at residues 80–100, peaking at 2.9 nm, indicating proton-pumping destabilization. ( D ) NDUFV1 secondary structure shifts show α-helix gain (48.2% ± 3.5%) in regions 43–54, 277–288, 343–356. ( E ) ND1 remains largely coil (97.52% ± 0.97%) but transiently forms β-sheets (max 5.24%) at Gly38–Tyr48, disrupting NADH binding. Full size image